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So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.
A list of all Mac OS X versions
We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.
Cheetah 10.0 | Puma 10.1 | Jaguar 10.2 |
Panther 10.3 | Tiger 10.4 | Leopard 10.5 |
Snow Leopard 10.6 | Lion 10.7 | Mountain Lion 10.8 |
Mavericks 10.9 | Yosemite 10.10 | El Capitan 10.11 |
Sierra 10.12 | High Sierra 10.13 | Mojave 10.14 |
Catalina 10.15 |
STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation
Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.
Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:
- Uninstall large unused apps
- Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
- Locate the biggest files on your computer:
Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)
Club player bonus.
STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download
Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.
How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store
If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:
- Click the App Store icon.
- Click Purchases in the top menu.
- Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
- Click Download.
This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.
Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer
If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. Skyrim special edition archery mods. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.
Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.
Purchase an older version of Mac operating system
You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.
Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.
How to get macOS El Capitan download
If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:
1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
“I can’t download an old version of Mac OS X”
If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.
But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. Facebook game download. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.
After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.
STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive
The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.
- Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
- Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
- Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
- Select external drive as a source.
- Enter your Apple ID.
Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.
- Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
- Connect the external drive.
- Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.
Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.
How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions
If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina
Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).
Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version
If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.
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3 Years ago01 Dec 2017 5:52 pm by Dog Cow
I learned about FreeTerm because version 1.6 was included and documented in the May 1985 Macintosh Software Supplement. After trying Smartcom and BackDown DA, I now prefer FreeTerm, written by William Bond. FreeTerm versions 1.0 through 1.8 were originally written to promote MacBinary as a file transmission standard in the Macintosh world. Version 2.0 was written to encourage use of MacBinary II.
This blog article is a continuation in a series on XMODEM file transfers between the Mac 512K and my Mac mini running OS X. See the prior article on BackDown, which has links to all the preceding articles.
About FreeTerm 2.0
Taking up just 47K on disk, FreeTerm 2.0 is compatible with the original 64K ROM in a Mac 512K running System 2.0/Finder 4.1, all the way up to System 6 on a Mac 512Ke.
Download FreeTerm 2.0 at Mac GUI Vault
FreeTerm is a simple and free 24 line by 80 character glass-TTY (dumb) terminal emulator. It can send and receive ASCII text files, supports XMODEM file transfer with MacBinary, can copy and paste to the Clipboard, and will send all 128 ASCII characters from the Mac keyboard.
There is no VT100 or VT52 emulation.
Version 2.0, released in August 1987, adds several good improvements over version 1.8, including:
- up to 57600 baud
- better MacBinary support
- can unpack PackIt I, II, or III compressed archives
- resizable terminal window
- fast-track XMODEM for error-free serial links
Starting and Configuring FreeTerm 2.0
Double-click the FreeTerm 2.0 icon in the Finder to launch the application. The first time you start, you will be asked which port to use for communications. Select the Modem port. You should always use the Modem port for communications because it has a higher interrupt priority, making it less likely to lose characters at high transmission speeds. Click 'Make Default' to save this selection.
An empty terminal window opens. Nothing you type will appear on the screen yet. First you need to configure the terminal. Choose Settings.. from the Terminal menu.
in the Settings dialog, you will see the standard RS232 transmission settings with speed, data bits, stop bits, and so on. In 99% of cases, you will not need to change any of the radio buttons except for Speed. 57600 seems to work well for me, at least for XMODEM transfers.
Now the set of checkboxes at the bottom of the dialog are a different story. These you will need to change. I recommend the settings shown in the screenshot below, with MacBinary Xmodem, Fast-Track Xmodem checked.
Click 'Make Default' to save the settings for next time you use FreeTerm. Or if you don't want your changes to be saved after you quit, just click OK. You are now ready to use FreeTerm 2.0!
Terminal Emulation
As stated earlier, FreeTerm 2.0 is dumb terminal emulator. That means there is no VT100 or other type of sophisticated terminal emulation. Still, you can navigate your way around a Unix or Linux system.
There are a number of tutorials that show how to configure a *nix system so that serial terminals can log in. Depending on which version of Mac OS X you're using, the technique changes. On OS X 10.2, for example, it's fairly straightforward to open a serial line in /etc/ttys
But newer versions of Mac OS X don't use that file the same way. I found that the instructions on this page, Serial console login on OS X, worked for me on Mac OS X 10.5.8.
In the Terminal application, type:
Code: |
screen /dev/cu.usbserial-A906CJB1 57600 |
Be sure to replace the cu.usbserial device with the correct name of your USB-to-serial adapter (if you're using one), and change the baud rate if you needed.
In screen, press Control-A. Type a colon ( : ) then type:
Code: |
exec ::: /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 |
Again, change the baud rate if needed. If you have FreeTerm running on the Mac 512K and the serial connection is good, you should see a login prompt on the Mac 512K's terminal window.
Try logging in and running some commands. Everything will be echoed on both screens, including your login password typed from the Mac 512K (the one exception is that your password will not show up on the Mac 512K's screen).
XMODEM File Transfers
I find that FreeTerm's greatest utility is for XMODEM file transfers. Open the File menu and choose Xmodem receive.. to download a file.
On the sending machine, start the XMODEM file transfer. On the Mac 512K, you will next see a dialog box asking for a file name and location. If you're transferring a MacBinary-encoded file (which you should be doing, because this is the best format!) the file name doesn't matter. MacBinary includes the file name and FreeTerm will automatically use that name for the received file.
Don't you love those old-fashioned, pre-hierarchical Standard File dialogs? After a some moments, the Mac 512K will start downloading the file. After a few seconds or a few minutes, depending on the size of the file, the Mac will beep to signal that transfer is complete. MacBinary files are automatically decoded; there is no need to use BinHex 5.0 on them.
If the file you downloaded was compressed with PackIt, you can choose UnPack File.. from the File menu to extract its contents. I discovered that FreeTerm's unpack routines are incompatible with some PackIt archives. I'm not sure what the exact problem was, but when I couldn't use FreeTerm's UnPack command, I was able to use the PackIt II application to extract.
FreeTerm can send files via XMODEM too. They will be automatically encoded in MacBinary II format, as long as you checked the MacBinary option in the terminal settings dialog. I have not yet been able to configure lrz on Mac OS X to successfully receive files sent from the Mac 512K. I always get a timeout. Anyone know what I'm doing wrong?
In conclusion, after having tried Smartcom II, BackDown DA, and now FreeTerm 2.0, FreeTerm is now my preferred way to download files to the Mac 512K. In terms of features and compatibility, BackDown and FreeTerm are quite similar, but FreeTerm wins out because it supports up to 57600 baud which makes transfers go much more quickly.
I recently transferred a 1.2MB file with XMODEM and 9200 baud to Mac 512Ke with a hard disk, and it took about 45 minutes! So faster speeds really make a difference.
The next article in the Mac 512K blog will either be about Macintosh XINU, if I can find a working copy, otherwise it will be about disk cache and RAM disks.
The Mac 512K Blog wrote: |
This blog chronicles the Macintosh 512K and my projects with it. We will test software, fix hardware, program it, hack it, and generally take the 512K Macintosh to its limits. Do leave any feedback you may have, either to my email dog_cow@macgui.com or by posting a comment to this article. |